Synthesiology - English edition
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The history of the artificial heart is that of overcoming thrombosis and infections. Dr. Kolff and Dr. Akutsu initiated animal experiments of an artificial heart in 1957 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Hospital. It was not before the development of antithrombogenic materials in 1981 that a clinical study started for a total replacement artificial heart. The subsequent clinical applications moved to implantable ventricular assist devices (VADs) from 1987. It enabled patients to go out of hospitals and reached the number of 4600 cases. The first generation of VADs was mainly largesize pulsatile pumps which weighed more than 1400 grams.
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Synthesiology - English edition
−27− Synthesiology English edition Vol.6 No.1 pp.27-37 (Jun. 2013) the Act on Special Measures Concerning Countermeasures for Large-Scale Earthquakes (hereinafter, Large-Scale Earthquake Act) established in 1978, GSJ, AIST was in charge of the groundwater observation, and thereinafter, the observation and research of groundwater for earthquake prediction was deemed to be the social responsibili...
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There has been a wide gap between science and society. The last three hundred years of the history of modern science indicates to us that many research results disappeared or took a long time to become useful to society. Due to the difficulties of bridging this gap, it has been recently called the valley of death or the nightmare stage (Note 1). Rather than passively waiting, therefore, researc...
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